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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GA 3 PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA IMBIBISI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VIABILITAS BENIH PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) DEVI RUSMIN; FAIZA C. SUWARNO; IRENG DARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.89-94

Abstract

ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman herbatahunan dari famili Apiaceae, yang hidup secara endemik pada habitatdengan ketinggian 1.800 - 3.000 m dari muka laut, dan pada saat initergolong tanaman langka. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangantanaman ini adalah viabilitas benih saat masak fisiologis rendah (<25%).Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat konsentrasi GA 3 dan lama imbibisi yang tepat untukmeningkatkan viabilitas potensial dan vigor benih purwoceng. Percobaandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan November sampai denganDesember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertamaadalah enam taraf pemberian GA 3 , yaitu: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500ppm. Faktor kedua yang diuji dua taraf lama imbibisi benih yaitu: 24 dan48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemberian GA 3 400 ppmdengan lama imbibisi 48 jam dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah,potensi tumbuh maksimum, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan perkecambahanbenih purwoceng menjadi 1,5 - 2 kali dibandingkan tanpa pemberian GA 3.Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, benih, GA 3 , imbibisi, konsentrasiABSTRACTEffect of GA 3 Concentration and Imbibition Period onSeed Viability of PruatjanPimpinella pruatjan Molk. is an annual herbaceous plant andbelongs to the family of the Apiaceae. It lives in endemic with an altitudeof 1,800-3,000 m above sea level and has been currently classified as rareplant. One of the problems in the development of this crop is low in seedviability (<25%) when it is physiologically mature. Based on the problem,an experiment was conducted aiming to find out the level of GA 3concentration and imbibition period to increase seed viability and vigourof P. pruatjan. The experiment was conducted at Gunung PutriExperimental Station and Plant Physiology Laboratory of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI), fromNovember to December 2009. The experiment was arranged usingcompletely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors and three replicates.The first factor was level of GA 3 concentration : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and500 ppm. The second factor was seed imbibition period : 24 and 48 hours.Results of the experiment showed that: GA 3 400 ppm with imbibitionperiod of 48 hours improved seed germination, maximum growthpotential, vigor index, and rate of germination of purwoceng seed to 1.5- 2 times compared to without GA 3 treatment.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, seed , GA 3 , imbibition, concentration
EKOBIOLOGI NEMATODA HAWAR DAUN (Aphelenchoides fragariae) PADA TANAMAN SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata) DJIWANTI, SETYOWATI RETNO; SUPRIADI, SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.95-101

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda hawar daun (Aphelenchoides fragariae) merupakan salahsatu kendala dalam budidaya tanaman obat sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata). Informasi tentang perilaku dan cara pengendalian nematodapada tanaman sambiloto masih sangat terbatas. Dalam rangka mencari carapengendalian nematoda yang efektif, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui ekobiologi nematoda tersebut seperti kisaran inang, sumberinokulum, dan pestisida. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca,dan kebun percobaan Balittro pada tahun 2006-2008. Studi kisaran inangalami dilakukan dengan mengamati karakteristik gejala khas penyakit,ekstraksi, dan karakterisasi morfologi nematoda dari sampel daun-daungulma yang tumbuh di pembibitan dan pertanaman sambiloto. Studi sum-ber penularan nematoda dilakukan dengan metode bioassay, yaitu denganmengamati gejala hawar daun dan jenis nematoda pada bibit sambilotoyang ditanam pada beberapa macam media tumbuh (tanah steril dicampurdengan beberapa macam jenis bahan organik seperti pupuk kandang,kompos, pupuk organik, dan potongan daun-daun sambiloto sakit).Sedangkan studi sensitivitas nematoda terhadap pestisida sintetik dannabati dilakukan di rumah kaca dan di lapang. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa 6 jenis gulma, yaitu babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides),pulus hayam (Acalypha lanceolata), calincing (Oxalys sepium), gulmaBorreria sp., gulma daun sirih (Lindernia sp.), dan paku (Pleocnemia sp.)merupakan inang pengganti nematoda A. fragariae. Bahan organik sepertipupuk kandang dan serasah daun sambiloto sakit dalam tanah merupakansumber penting inokulum A. fragariae, tetapi penyebaran utama penyakitterjadi melalui bibit terinfeksi dan kontak fisik antara daun sakit dengandaun sehat. Perkembangan penyakit hawar daun berlangsung selama 2-4minggu setelah infeksi pertama. Senyawa karbofuran (2-5 g/tanaman),CNSL (cashew nut shell liquid) (0,5-1,0%), tepung (10,0-15,0 g/tanaman),dan ekstrak biji mimba (0,5-1,0%) efektif menekan populasi A. fragariae.Penanaman bibit sehat, sanitasi kebun, penggunaan pupuk kandang yangbenar-benar matang, dan aplikasi pestisida merupakan faktor pentingdalam pengendalian penyakit hawar daun nematoda pada sambiloto.Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, sambiloto, nematoda hawar daun,Aphelenchoides fragariae, ekobiologiABSTRACTBioecology of Leaf Blotch Nematode (Aphelenchoidesfragariae) on King of Bitter Plant (Andrographispaniculata)Leaf blotch nematode (Aphelenchoides fragariae) is one of the mostimportant constrains on cultivation of king of bitter plant (Andrographispaniculata). Information on the bioecology and control method of thenematode is still limited. In relation to finding an effective control methodof the nematode, this study aimed to evaluate several bioecological factorsof the nematode, such as its host range, inoculums source, and sensitivityof the nematode to several chemicals. The studies were conducted inlaboratory, green house, and experimental station of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute in 2006-2008. Naturalhost range of the nematode was studied by examining the typical diseasesymptoms on leaves of several weeds grown in the nursery and field of theking of bitter plants, followed with extraction and morphologicalexamination of nematodes. Infection source of the nematode was carriedout by bioassay method using healthy king of bitter seedlings grown onsoil planting medium incorporated with suspected infection sources suchas animal manure, compost, organic fertilizer, and diseased leaf cutting ofthe plants. Sensitivity of the nematode to several pesticides (carbofuran,neem seed powder, neem seed extract, and cashew nut shell liquid) wasconducted in the green house and field. The results showed that six weedssuch as Ageratum conyzoides, Acalypha lanceolata, Oxalys sepium,Borreria sp., Lindernia sp., and Pleocnemia sp. grown in the nursery andfield of king of bitter plantation were infected with the nematode; thereforethese plants are natural alternate hosts of A. fragariae. Organic animalmanure and infected fallen leaves of the king of bitter were importantsources of inoculums of A. fragariae, however, main spread of the diseasewas through infected seedlings and direct contact between healthy andinfected leaves. Leaf blotch disease development occurred 2-4 weeks afterfirst infection. Chemicals such as carbofuran (2-5 g/plant), cashew nutshell liquid (0.5-1.0%), neem seed powder (10.0-15.0 g/plant) and extract(0.5-1.0%) were effectively suppressed the nematode. Planting disease-free seedlings, sanitation, and application of well-decomposed animalmanure and certain chemical pesticides are important factors to control theleaf blotch nematode on king of bitter plant.Key words: Andrographis paniculata, king of bitter, leaf blotchnematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae, bioecology.
POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN TANAMAN LADA TERHADAP INFEKSI Meloidogyne incognita RITA HARNI; MEYNARTI SARI DEWI IBRAHIM
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.118-123

Abstract

ABSTRAKMeloidogyne incognita, merupakan salah satu organisme peng-ganggu (OPT) penyebab penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada dan dapatmengakibatkan penurunan hasil sampai 32%. Beberapa teknik untukmengendalikan patogen ini telah dilakukan tetapi belum memberikan hasilyang memuaskan. Pengendalian biologi dengan menggunakan bakteriendofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang cukup men-janjikan untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan nematoda penyakit tanaman.Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi danNematologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor, danRumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka TanamanIndustri Pakuwon Sukabumi dari bulan Mei sampai November 2009.Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah: 1) Seleksi beberapa isolat bakteri endofituntuk mengendalikan nematoda M. incognita pada tanaman lada dan 2)Potensi induced systemic resistance (ISR) dan analisis asam salisilat sertaperoksidase. Isolat bakteri endofit yang digunakan adalah isolat bakteriendofit potensial yang diisolasi dari akar nilam. Akar tanaman ladadirendam dalam suspensi bakteri endofit, selanjutnya diinokulasi dengan500 ekor larva 2 M. incognita. Sebulan setelah inokulasi tanamandibongkar diamati populasi nematoda dan pertumbuhan tanaman. AnalisisISR dilakukan dengan metode split root system dilanjutkan dengananalisis kadar asam salisilat dan peroksidase. Penelitian mengunakanRancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteriendofit dapat menekan jumlah puru dan populasi nematoda di dalam akar.Penekanan tertinggi pada isolat MSK (97,93%) tidak berbeda nyatadengan isolat BAS, TT2, dan NJ46 yaitu 97,35; 95,22; dan 92,14%.Berdasarkan analisis split root system, ke 4 isolat tersebut dapat meng-induksi ketahanan tanaman lada secara sistemik dengan mekanismepeningkatan kandungan asam salisilat dan peroksidase di dalam akar.Kata kunci : Bakteri endofit, penyakit kuning, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induksi ketahananABSTRACTThe use of endophytic bacteria to induce plant resistanceagainst infection of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyneincognita) on black pepperRoot-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of important patho-gens causing yellow disease on black pepper. As a result of this pathogenattack can lower the results up to 32%. Several control methods have beendone successful to control pathogen. Biological control using endophyticbacteria is one of prospective alternative control methods to overcomenematode problem. The research had been conducted in the Laboratory ofBacteriology and Nematology Department of Plant Protection, BogorAgricultural University (IPB) and in greenhouse of Indonesian Spices andIndustrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi. The objectives ofthis study were : 1) Selection of endophytic bacteria to control M.incognita nematodes on black pepper and 2) Potential of induced systemicresistance (ISR) and analysis of salicylic acid and peroxidase. Endophyticbacterial isolates used were endophytic potential bacterial isolates isolatedfrom the roots of patchouli. Pepper plant roots were soaked in anendophytic bacterial suspension, then inoculated with 500 larvae of 2 M.incognita. A month after inoculation, the plants were dismantled andobserved population of nematodes and plant growth. ISR analysis wasperformed by the method of split root system followed by analysis ofsalicylic acid and peroxidase contents. The research was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design. The results showed that endophyticbacteria were able to suppress the amount of gall and nematode populationin roots. The highest suppression was on MSK isolate (97.93%) which wasnot significantly different from BAS, TT2, and NJ46 isolates, namely97.35, 95.22, and 92.14%, respectively. The analysis of split root systemshowed that the 4 isolates were able to induce systemic resistance of blackpepper with a mechanism of increase in salicylic acid and peroxidasecontents in roots.Key words : Endophytic bacteria, yellow disease, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induce systemic resistance
ISOLASI FRAGMEN GEN PENYANDI PUTRESIN N-METILTRANSFERASE DAN QUINOLINAT FOSFORIBOSILTRANSFERASE ASAL TEMBAKAU LOKAL TEMANGGUNG (Nicotiana tabacum) SESANTI BASUKI; NURHAJATI AA MATTJIK; SUWARSO SUWARSO; DESTA WIRNAS; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.109-117

Abstract

ABSTRAKUpaya untuk menurunkan kandungan nikotin merupakan salah satuprioritas utama penelitian tembakau. Nikotin adalah senyawa alkaloidutama berpotensi dikonversi menjadi senyawa nor-nikotin yang bersifatkarsinogen. Gen PMT sebagai penyandi enzim putresin n-metiltransferase(PMT) dan gen QPT - penyandi enzim quinolinat fosforibosiltransferase(QPT) merupakan dua gen kunci yang berperan penting pada proses bio-sintesis nikotin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi potongan genPMT dan QPT asal tembakau lokal Indonesia, mengkarakterisasi danmenganalisis runutan DNA-nya. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dengan me-rancang primer degenerate berdasarkan informasi yang ada di pangkalandata Bank Gen NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information),mengamplifikasi PCR menggunakan templat DNA genomik tembakaulokal cv. Sindoro1, mengklon potongan DNA hasil PCR dan menentukanrunutan DNA-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua belas pasangprimer degenerate yang dirancang, hanya dua pasang primer yang meng-hasilkan potongan DNA hasil amplifikasi PCR, yaitu pasangan primerPMt-7 (F & R) untuk gen PMT dan primer QPt-3 (F & R) untuk gen QPT.Setelah dilakukan penentuan runutan DNA-nya, amplikon yang didapatdari hasil PCR dengan pasangan primer PMt-7 sebesar 1418 bp, sedangkanuntuk primer QPt-3 sebesar 205 bp. Runutan DNA gen PMT dan gen QPTasal tembakau lokal cv. Sindoro1 mempunyai tingkat kesamaan yang ting-gi dengan gen PMT dan gen QPT asal tembakau lainnya yang ada dipangkalan data Bank Gen NCBI.Kata kunci : Gen PMT, gen QPT, lintasan biosintesis nikotin, perunutanDNA, amplifikasi PCR, primer degenerateABSTRACTIsolation of Genes encoding Putrescine N-Methyl-transferase and Quinolinat Phosphoribosyl transferasederived from Temanggung Tobacco Cultivar (Nicotianatabacum)Reduction of nicotine content is one of the major objective intobacco research. Nicotine is the main alcaloid compound that potentiallycould be converted into a carcinogenic compound (nor-nicotine). The PMTgene encoding putrescine N-methyl transferase (PMT) and the QPT gene -encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPT) are the two keyenzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. The objectives of this researchwere to isolate PMT and QPT gene fragments originated from Indonesianlocal tobacco, to characterize, and to analyze their DNA sequences. Theresearch activities included: degenerate primer design based oninformation available in the GenBank DNA Database NCBI (NationalCentre for Biotechnology Information), PCR amplification usingdegenerate primer and genomic DNA template of a local tobacco cv.Sindoro1, clone the PCR amplified products, and determine their DNAnucleotide sequences. Results of the experiment indicated that from 12degenerate primer pairs synthesized, only two were able to yield positivePCR amplified products. These primer pairs were PMt-7 (F & R primers)for PMT and QPt-3 (F & R primers) for QPT. After DNA sequencing, theamplified DNA product amplified using PMt-7 degenerate primer pairswere 1418 bp, while that using QPt-3 primer pairs were only 205 bp.Nucleotide sequences of PMT or QPT gene fragments originated fromlocal tobacco cv. Sindoro1 showed a high nucleotide sequences identity ascompared to that of the respective genes from other tobacco species thatwere available in the GenBank DNA Database NCBI.Key words: PMT gene, QPT gene, nicotine biosynthetic pathways, DNAsequencing, PCR amplification, degenerate primer
PENDUGAAN DAYA GABUNG DAN HETEROSIS KETAHANAN TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH (Phytophthora palmivora) RUBIYO RUBIYO; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.124-131

Abstract

ABSTRAKKlon kakao unggul berdaya hasil dan bermutu hasil tinggi sertaresisten terhadap penyakit utama perlu dikembangkan melalui pemuliaantanaman dan tersedianya informasi tentang parameter genetik diharapkandapat membantu memecahkan masalah tersebut. Pendugaan parametergenetik dapat dilakukan dengan analisis persilang dialel. Penelitianbertujuan untuk menduga parameter genetik ketahanan tanaman kakaoterhadap infeksi P. palmivora, menggunakan analisis persilangan setengahdialel. Bahan tanaman terdiri atas lima klon kakao (ICCRI 3, TSH 858,DR 1, ICS 13 dan Sca 6) yang tergolong rentan hingga tahan terhadapinfeksi P. palmivora yang digunakan sebagai tetua dan 10 galur hibrida F1hasil persilangan antar lima klon. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KebunPercobaan Kaliwining Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia,Jember, Jawa Timur dari tahun 2008 hingga 2009. Untuk setiap kombinasipersilangan dievaluasi 20 bibit dan diulang tiga kali. Untuk mengetahuirespon bibit hibrida F1 terhadap infeksi P. palmivora, daunnya diinokulasidengan inokulum zoospora dan disungkup dengan plastik untuk menjagakelembapannya (>90%). Pengamatan luas bercak akibat infeksi P.palmivora dilakukan enam hari setelah inokulasi dan digunakan untukmenghitung intensitas penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakakao klon DR 1, ICS 13, dan ICCRI 3 mempunyai DGU yang palingtinggi dibandingkan dengan tetua lainnya. Selanjutnya, persilangan antarklon kakao DR 1 x ICS 13, dan TSH 858 x Sca 6 mempunyai DGKtertinggi sehingga kombinasi persilangan ini berpeluang untuk menjadipenghasil hibrida baru yang resisten terhadap P. palmivora. Kombinasipersilangan yang menunjukkan nilai heterosis tertinggi adalah DR1 x ICS13, DR1 x Sca 6, dan ICS 13 x Sca 6.Kata kunci: Heterosis, hibrida F1, DGU, DGK, intensitas penyakitABSTRACTEstimation of Heterosis and Combining Ability forResistance Against Black Pod Disease (Phytophthorapalmivora) in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)High yielding and disease resistance of cacao clone needs to bedeveloped through breeding program. Availability of genetic parametersfor various agronomic importance characters in cacao would be veryuseful and beneficial for cacao breeding activities. Estimation of variousgenetic parameters could be done by analyzing F1 arrays generated fromsemi-diallele crosses among a number of parents. The objectives of thisresearch were to estimate genetic parameters for resistance against P.palmivora infection in cacao using F1 arrays generated from semi-diallelecrosses among five cacao clones. Five cacao clones (DR 1, TSH 858, ICS13, ICCRI 3, and Sca 6), representing an arrays of clones with increasedresistance against P. palmivora infection, were used as parents to generate10 F1 hybrid arrays. This research was conducted at KaliwiningExperimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute,Jember, Indonesia, during the period of 2008 to 2009. At most 20seedlings were evaluated for each F1 hybrid and the evaluation wasreplicated three times. To evaluate the response of the seedlings against P.palmivora infection, their leaves were inoculated with zoospore of P.palmivora. Relative humidity around inoculated leaves was maintained at>90% by wrapping them with plastic bag. The sizes of leaf necroseresponse due to P. palmivora infection were observed during six days afterinoculation and the disease intensity was calculated based on this recordedsymptoms. Results of the experiments indicated that cacao clones (DR 1,ICS 13, and ICCRI 3) were the highest in general combining ability(GCA) for resistance character than the other two clones. Moreover, F1hybrid originated from crosses between DR 1 x ICS 13, and TSH 858 xSca 6 were the highest in specific combining ability (SCA) for resistancecharacter. Therefore, this combination crosses might be used to developenew hybrid combinations resistance against P. palmivora infection.Combination crosses showing highest heterotic value for resistance againstP. palmivora infection were DR 1 x ICS 13, DR1 x Sca 6, and ICS 13 xSca 6.Key words : Heterotic effects, F1 hybrid array, GCA, SCA, diseaseintensity
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON DAN PATOGENISITASNYA PADA Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER DAN Spodoptera litura F. NURUL HIDAYAH; I.G.A.A. INDRAYANI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.102-108

Abstract

ABSTRAKNomuraea rileyi adalah salah satu jamur entomopatogen yangpotensial mengendalikan hama Helicoverpa armigera dan Spodopteralitura pada tanaman kapas, tembakau, dan jarak kepyar. Di lapanganpernah ditemukan larva hama H. armigera dan S. litura yang terinfeksisecara alami oleh N. rileyi yang mengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyiberpotensi sebagai agens hayati. Sebelum N. rileyi dikembangkan sebagaiagens hayati, maka perlu diketahui metode perbanyakannya pada mediabuatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi media tumbuhyang sesuai untuk perbanyakan N. rileyi dan pengujian patogenisitasnyaterhadap H. armigera dan S. litura. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumFitopatologi dan Laboratorium Patogen Serangga Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang mulai bulan Mei sampai denganNovember 2009. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 pengujian, yaitu pengujiankarakter biologi N. rileyi dan patogenisitas pada ulat H. armigera dan S.litura. Dalam pengujian karakter biologi jamur diuji 4 macam mediaperbanyakan, yaitu: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast (SMAY),(2) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak beras (SMAYB), (3)Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak kentang (SMAYK), dan(4) Media lengkap untuk N. rileyi (MLNr), serta 2 tingkat suhu inkubasi,yaitu 23±1 dan 27±1ºC. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) dengan lima kali ulangan. Setiap media disiapkan di dalam 10cawan petri per perlakuan dan masing-masing diinokulasi dengan 10 5konidia/ml. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan jamur danproduksi konidia. Sedangkan dalam pengujian patogenisitas konidia N.rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera dan S. litura dilakukan dengan metodepelumuran (painting), yaitu ulat diletakkan di atas konidia di dalam cawanpetri selama ± 10 detik kemudian dipindahkan ke vial-vial plastikberdiameter 2,5 cm berisi pakan daun kapas muda (± 1 cm 2 ) untuk H.armigera dan daun jarak kepyar untuk S. litura. Apabila pakan daun telahhabis, serangga diberi pakan buatan berbahan dasar tepung kedelai. Pakanbuatan diganti setiap 2 hari sampai ulat menjadi pupa. Selanjutnya ulatyang telah diperlakukan dengan jamur diinkubasi-kan pada suhu ruang(27°-29°C) selama ± 14 hari dan diamati perkembangan ulat maupunjamurnya setiap hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas ulat H.armigera dan S. litura serta gejala mikosis pada ulat terinfeksi. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh terhadap lajupertumbuhan N. rileyi. Pada suhu 23±1ºC N. rileyi tumbuh lebih cepat(7,42-8,23 mm/hari) pada semua komposisi media yang diuji (SMAY,SMAYK, SMAYB, dan MLNr) dibanding pada suhu 27±1ºC (0,99-1,26mm/hari). Produksi konidia N. rileyi lebih banyak pada suhu 27±1ºCdibanding pada 23 ± 1ºC, yaitu berturut-turut 24,7 x 10 8 konidia/ml dan17,9 x 10 8 konidia/ml masing-masing pada media SMAYK dan MLNr.Perbedaan komposisi media tumbuh tidak menyebabkan penurunanpatogenisitas pada konidia N. rileyi sebab mortalitas ulat H. armigeramaupun S. litura masing-masing mencapai 100%. Hasil penelitianmengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyi mudah diperbanyak secara massal padamedium agar dan virulensinya baik pada H. armigera dan S. litura.Kata kunci : Nomuraea rileyi, epizootik, Helicoverpa armigera,Spodoptera litura, konidia, patogenisitas, mortalitasABSTRACTEffect of medium composition on growth of entomo-pathogenic fungi Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson andits pathogenicity against Helicoverpa armigera andSpodoptera lituraN. rileyi is one of potential entomopathogenic fungi to controlcotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, tobacco and Rhicinus caterpilar,Spodoptera litura. These fungi naturally infect those insect pests indicatingtheir potential to be used as natural control agent. Techniques of in vitroproduction of these fungi need to be developed to find out their potentialagainst the insect target. Study on effect of medium composition ongrowth of entomopathogenic fungi N. rileyi and its pathogenicity againstH. armigera and S. litura was carried out at Phytopathology and InsectPathology Laboratories of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI) from May to November 2009. The objective of thestudy was to find out the suitable composition of medium for N. rileyi andits pathogenicity against H. armigera and S. litura. The study consisted oftwo tests. The first test was testing for biological characters, namely invitro growth rate and conidia production of N. rileyi on four differentcompositions of medium as followed: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeastextract (SMAY), (2) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + rice extract(SMAYR), (3) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + potato extract(SMAYP), and (4) Completed medium for N. rileyi (MLNr). Alltreatments were designed in randomized complete design (RCD) with fivereplicates. Parameters observed were the growth rate of N. rileyi andconidia production. The second was testing on pathogenicity of N. rileyiproduced from all medium tested against H. armigera and S. litura larvae.Result showed that incubation temperature influenced the growth rate offungi. N. rileyi grew faster at 23±1ºC (7.42-8.23 mm/day) than that at27±1ºC (0.99-1.26 mm/day) on all media tested. Conidia production washigher at 27±1ºC than at 23±1ºC. Both SMAYP and MLNr were the bestmedia for producing N. rileyi conidia, which were 24.7 and 17.9 x 10 8conidia/ml, respectively. Pathogenicity of N. rileyi against H. armigeraand S. litura was not affected by composition of medium tested becausethe larval mortality of both insect pests was 100%. This study indicatedthat N. rileyi can be easily produced massively on agar media and it isvirulent against H. armigera and S. litura.Key words : Nomuraea rileyi, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura,conidia, in vitro, pathogenicity, mortality, epizootic

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